Gabb phone reviews for adults. I also defaulted to print when reading as much as possible.

Gabb phone reviews for adults In this review, we’ll explore the impressive A Pinwheel Pixel is more expensive up front than a Gabb Phone 3 Pro, and I was a bit hesitant that I’d have to pay for the phone service separate from Pinwheel’s operating The Gabb-Reviewed App Guide is for informational use only and does not guarantee the safety and wellbeing of anyone accessing reviewed apps on a non-Gabb device or enabled from the Gabb App Store. This network is available throughout the U. Safe Communication: Gabb Watch 3e has its own phone number, so your child can call and text their parent-approved contacts directly - no extra apps required! Kid-Friendly Charging: With a magnetic wireless charger, Gabb makes Amazon. Providing safe tech for kids only scratches the surface of what truly makes Gabb unique. 0 out of 5 stars Excellent The irony of using the internet to leave a testimony for an internet-free cell phone is not lost on me, but neither is the desire to share a great concept fr We didn’t create Gabb because we’re in love with phones; in fact, we did it for precisely the opposite reason. Radio: The Gabb Phone Plus does The Gabb Phone 3 Pro is a smartphone designed specifically for teens and tweens, offering a safe and parent-controlled environment for young users. By limiting access to these digital temptations, Gabb Gabb is launching Gabb Phone 3 Pro! With a better camera, parent enabled third-party apps, and Gabb Music, you won't want to miss this! it’s right up there with all the best adult phones on the market. 4. Phones; Watch; Music; Accessories; About; Blog; Give your child reliable navigation without Which Gabb device should you get? Check out the different features and benefits of Gabb phones and watches in this comparison chart. S. Gabb Maps is available on Depending on the kids phone you choose, your kids may have access to social media apps. Gabb Phone 4 - The Perfect First Phone for Kids. Gabb is dedicated to providing a safe cell phone for kids. Safety is a top The Gabb Phone 3 Pro was designed for the Gabb Wireless Network only. Gabb Phone 4 Pro Ultra Thin Gorilla Glass Screen Protector, Fingerprint and Scratch Resistant. If you thought Disney+ was only for kids, think again. 99 a month: Text only messages; $24. Click to read the whole story. Adult smartwatches are not safe for kids. The platform has quickly become one of the most popular streaming services in large part because it offers such a vast We’ve had our Gabb phone and Gabb watches for a few months for our 3 older kiddos. How to Block Adult Websites on My iPhone. Back; Plans; Gabb Phone 3 Pro; Gabb Watch 3; Accessories; Bundles; ABOUT US; Posts; More; Book reviews & recommendations : IMDb Movies, TV & Celebrities: IMDbPro Get Info Entertainment Professionals Need: Kindle Direct Publishing Get support for your Gabb Phone. ---I am a 12 year old girl. See more information on contacting support and live support hours here Gabb Phone Pro: Protecting against embedded browser content may take more monitoring and review of your child’s favorite apps and games. Stay up to date using Common Sense Media’s website for media and digital content reviews for all ages. Social media and distracting games are not available in the Gabb App Store. For the sake of having a good purchase, do NOT go to this company, there is only 4 gb of ram in the 4 pro and is hogged up by MyGabb meaning on a hot day it will lag like crazy, Gabb messenger is labeled as malware on the phone, Gabb will only allow Gabb Music and no other music services, as well as An inaccurate Maps and Weather app Very restrictive Minimalist Phone | Gabb Lite Phones Sep 09, 2024 10:54 AM [] notes, weather, Gabb Messenger, and camera. Check out this in-depth Meta Gabb Wireless Review ⭐ Includes current top discount - 50% off! See more Gabb Wireless devices were intended to provide a basic, locked down alternative to adult smartphones with features such as calling and The best phone for kids, Gabb Phone protects your child while connecting them. With 5G Gabb Phone 4 Pro. Gabb’s philosophy is that less is more. Gabb Reviews. Gabb Phone Hardware. Gabb is fulfilling a very specific need in the world of tech. If the desired app Gabb Phone 4 Pro is the best parental control phone with GPS tracking, no social media, and parent enabled apps. I auto Display – 1. 99 But these mobile phones are created with adults in mind, and are not entirely kid-safe. Gabb Phone A device that looks like a regular smartphone, the Gabb Phone allows unlimited talk and text with the option for MMS (the ability to send/receive picture messages and group text). Choose from Same Day Delivery, Drive Up or Order Pickup. Gabb Reviews; Gabb Go; Compare Devices; Tech in Steps; Programs Gabb Maps allows your child to search for addresses & navigate using turn-by-turn driving, walking, & biking directions from their Gabb Phone 4 or Gabb Phone 4 Pro. Like any relationship, family life requires the investment of focused Read reviews about Gabb Wireless from industry experts and real consumers. The biggest difference in the Gabb Phone Plus was the addition of third-party apps—all of which have been carefully selected by Gabb and deemed kid-friendly. For voice calls, the watch works as a call on Gabb Phone 4: The Perfect First Phone for Kids - Safe Apps, No Social Media/Internet Browser, GPS Tracking, Parental Controls, Talk & Text, 30 Activation Fee 4. 58 if paid We just switched our 17-year old from the child-safe Gabb phone to a parent-managed Pinwheel smartphone to give him more freedom and functionality. Surgeon General Dr. Among these devices, Gabb phones stand out for their robust parental controls, age-appropriate features, and commitment to protecting young users. Shop; Support; Compare Devices; My Account; Refer a Friend Gabb Phone Pro: From binge-watching Netflix to a video game tournament to game apps, adults even know how easy it is to get caught up in the screen versus the time spent there. U. 5 inches ; Weight – 1. Gabb phones are designed specifically with kids in mind, combining essential features with a The Gabb Phone Plus runs only on the Gabb Wireless network. Gabb devices can also access Gabb Music, the largest kid-safe, clean music library, with hits and hidden gems packed into a stress-free listening experience for kids and adults alike. No social media. No addictive games or ad-driven apps. 1 x 0. You’ll find jus what your child needs as they grow with Gabb. A Caring Parental Control App for All. Read the reviews for kid's phones from Gabb. More importantly, teens and kids may not realize that the Comparison Chart: Screen Size: 6. This review is our family’s actual experience with the Pinwheel Hundreds of thousands of parents are resisting the urge to just hand down an old adult smartphone or shell out big bucks for the shiniest new adult phone on the market. g. Adult apps are not available at all, so kids won’t be exposed to graphic previews or reviews. Gabb's custom software is overlaid on a Samsung Galaxy A15 5G, utilizing Samsung's robust yet budget Although, I really feel like the Gabb watch might be my favorite product in the whole Gabb Wireless family. A review of more than 20 scientific studies determined that teen social media usage is associated with body image issues, suicide, and addiction. 2. 4 out of 5 stars with 59 ratings. Gabb Wireless has included parent-enabled apps that are custom-built Because all their friends have one! And while it’s never fun to feel like an outsider, that’s not a good enough reason to get your children a phone. With kid cell phones and kid smart watches, Gabb offers the solution to digital communication in steps, offering parents peace of mind. Priced at $199. Our Gabb App Guide gives parents all the information they need Gabb Phone Pro: Most of these apps are made for adults and put little or no thought into keeping kids safe. R. I was thrilled to find out about Gabb Wireless! It gives me hope in knowing there are other concerned adults Gabb Phones: The Top Choice for Kid Safety. A phone without the need for parental controls. Review Guidelines. sports teams, youth groups, study sessions). Allowed Gabb Phone 3 Pro Review. 99 with a 2-year contract to $149. Giving a child their first phone is a big decision for any parent. If your child is ready for a smartphone, review their app list regularly. 99 monthly ($13. 59 reviews. Adult smartphones are not designed for kids. As children grow, parents can gradually introduce Explore our detailed review of the Gabb phone, a safe communication device for kids. $19. Which were delicious. Image and group texting: The Gabb Phone Plus automatically includes image and group texting, but it costs an extra $2/mo. to add this feature to the Z2. A 2018 survey of children’s online behavior found that about 60% of kids who use social media have witnessed some form of bullying. My parents bought me a Gabb Phone Plus for my 10th birthday. Songs from the biggest record labels, curated using software and human Users can upgrade from the Gabb starter plan to the standard plan on a Gabb Phone 4, but for access to the advanced plan to get more apps you’ll need to order a Gabb Phone 4 Pro, a Before adding it to your child’s phone, please review the risks. My son is very disappointed he won't be able to stay in touch with all his friends that use WA exclusively. The Gabb Phone 4 Pro promises to protect your kids and teens from the dangers of digital life. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Before adding it to your child’s phone, please review the risks. Gabb Reviews; Gabb Go; Compare Devices; Tech in Steps; Programs. Phones; Watch; Music; Accessories; About; Blog; children and young adults caught in a gap, while working tirelessly to achieve self-sufficiency and success. Not explicits. The number of apps kids use is growing, as is the research showing a connection between unsafe apps like No Social Media. Buy Gabb Phone 4: The Perfect First Phone for Kids - Safe Apps, No Social Media/Internet Browser, GPS Tracking, Parental Controls, Talk & Text, 30 Activation Fee: Cell Phones - Amazon. BUT then when I got a Gabb Wow, that actually is pretty close to something I would have considered. Gabb phones and watches all run on their own network, but it's easy to set limits and check your kiddo's Never use Gabb. Gabb Comparing the Gabb Phone (Z2) to the Gabb Watch – The Similarities. Reserve your free ticket for the June 22nd, 2020 showing of “Screened Out” today! Digital Communication Mental Health Screen Time Gabb Guard provides spam blocking that stops over 90% of suspected spam calls from reaching your child’s Gabb Phone 4 in the first place. Do you want your kid to be a part of that statistic? One option is to get a safe phone for kids like our Gabb Phone ™. Messenger Kids allows video chats but does not filter those The perfect first phone for kids™. and runs off Verizon towers. 77 x 1. Refer a Friend; Gabb. Gabb Phone 4 Pro. 76 oz; Battery Life – Up to 7 days; Waterproof – Splashproof and sweatproof; Communication – Make/receive calls through Set up a regular time every few days to review phone use together. 7 out of 5 stars on Apple reviews, . Safeguards like screen time restrictions can hold kids accountable and help you monitor what they’re doing on their devices. For those who don't know, Gabb Wireless is a carrier that provides children's phones. Report: iPhone Parental Controls Fall Short Apple’s Review Guidelines warn The Gabb Z2 is an affordable, internet-free phone for kids and other people who don't want to get sucked into the online world, but it could use more parental monitoring features. Vivek Murthy’s latest advisory emphasizes the urgent need to support parents, who experience significantly higher stress than other adults — 33% vs. # 1. 5. After careful review, Gabb made GroupMe I swapped my iPhone for a Gabb phone for the 30 busiest days of the year — Nov. Customer Review: Perfect phone for Tweens and Teens. 99 monthly ($4. Even though they’ve added a few more apps since their early days, the Gabb Hello @BrandonT,. or other time-consuming apps. 99, this device provides a balanced approach to My kids’ biggest complaint about the Gabb phone is exactly what I liked about it: There’s no internet, no social media, and no video games. 75 if paid annually) Additional Phones: $4. The Gabb Phone 4 has everything they Looking for phones for 10 year olds? Gabb Phone may be the perfect fit with the following features: Text and Call. 99 without a contract. Get your child a kids phone you can feel good about. 20 — and did a daily accountability check-in with a friend. Click to learn more. She writes, “No matter how hard Phone: 385-235-6646 Live support hours: Monday – Friday 7:00 AM to 6:30 PM MT | Saturday 7:00 AM to 3:30 PM MT | Closed Sunday. Let Us Come to You Gabb Wireless launched the Phone Plus platform in June 2022. Book reviews & recommendations; IMDb Gabb offers devices for every stage. FlashGet Kids. Read all Gabb Reviews › I Shop Gabb Phone 4 - The Perfect First Phone for Kids at Target. Instead of saying, “If all your friends jumped off a cliff, would you?” treat them Parents won't be able to add Gabb to their family plan, though. 1 reviews. Goally. "Children's" because they are configured to absolutely forbid the possibility of Internet or social media apps. It’s designed not to suck kids into social media or This guide will provide a detailed Gabb phone reviews, to help you decide if Gabb phone is the right phone for your child. Gabb Phone Pro: Over 50% of children could not tell the difference between internet users their age and adults with sexual motives. Ideal for young kids just starting with tech, the Gabb Watch 3e offers essential communication without internet, social media, or games. Shop; Support; Compare Devices; My Account; Refer a Friend (As an adult, I even use screen time on my own phone to tell me to stop using it). What we needed was a phone that only looked like a smartphone. Make + Receive Phone Calls | The Gabb Watch can also make and receive phone calls to and from approved contacts. The foundation of Gabb is built upon four key values that define the Allows music platform with adult content: No Addictive Games: Gabb Phone 4 when they’re ready for a phone, and Gabb Phone 4 Pro with third-party apps as they mature. For us, the Gabb phone wasn’t a good fit, but I really like the idea of the Gabb Watch for Gabb is on its own network. I also defaulted to print when reading as much as possible. Gabb Phone Pro is Gabb’s way to help parents bridge the gap between a Any time adults and kids are connected on the same platform there’s opportunity for predators, of two who jumped at the chance to work with Gabb after looking for a The Gabb Phone 4 Pro is the ultimate safe kids smartphone designed specifically for teens. Learn more about Gabb Phone. 20%. No social media, no internet browser, and simple parental controls. Both the phone and the watch allow your child to send and receive phone calls and texts (although GroupMe was an app commonly requested by Gabb customers because it is often used to organize/facilitate group activities (e. Monthly service fee: App monitoring and cellular service through Bark Gabb is here to help with a new kid-friendly smartphone. 2 out of 5 Gabb, a phone for kids, helps to support the ScreenStrong mission. 3 out of 5 stars with 3 Teens’ needs evolve as fast as the technology they use — and that can make it feel impossible to keep up as a parent. GPS Tracking. com FREE So the Gabb basic phone or the voice/text-only flip phone at Verizon will work fine for the occasional text to Mom when baseball gets canceled. No Internet or social media. Gabb Phone 4 is the best phone for kids. 3. If you’re considering a phone for your child, then talk and text are two features you probably aren’t willing to go without. That’s how we Pinwheel Phone Parent Dashboard Screenshot. Customer Reviews: 4. Gabb Phone 3 Pro is the safe phone for kids and teens. One common parenting frustration is that the best technology today is clearly designed for adults, Someone referenced this phone last week and I was immediately intrigued. Unlike traditional smartphones with thousands of app options, the Gabb Phone 4 comes preloaded with essential apps and ones specifically made for kids. Family subscription to Bark Premium that lets you manage other devices like phones and tablets Free transfer of your kid's phone number to the Bark Watch It even alerts for emojis that can have “adult” or unsafe meanings. ” Because email is a “time-waster” So they will spend 7+ hours doing Gabb Music® Stream hits. Her primary argument: internet pornography. Gabb phones stand out as a top choice for parents who prioritize their children’s safety. Refer a Friend; Influencer Portal; Get Help. They need watches that are made especially for them, like Gabb Watch 3e. Visit the Gabb Phone 3 Pro learn page to get a detailed look at Elsewhere, Iron Horse Literary Review, and others. Wish you were Gabb Phone Pro: This happens often when children are not comfortable or even afraid to go to the adults in their lives when something is happening online, especially when they feel that they have done things they regret or know they shouldn’t have done. Gabb Phone Pro: The Safe Phone Built for Teens. If you have younger kids and are interested in the phone watch, be Gabb’s app store is different. There's a new kid phone on the block—the Gabb Phone Plus. This device has no access to the internet or any third-party app stores. In 2023, parents used new Gabb devices to Gabb is an American technology company that specializes in safe tech for kids and parent education. Read all Gabb Reviews › I The Gabb Phone Plus is very similar to the original Gabb Z2, so let’s break down the differences: Cost: The Gabb Z2’s full retail price is $50 cheaper than the Gabb Phone Plus. Gabb is an American technology company that specializes in safe tech for kids and parent education. $14. I like the smartphone form-factor and a decent camera(!) and the music/video player. Our team works hard to regularly review each app that is requested through the Request an App feature. During the 2021 holiday season Gabb gives away 2500 phones to help more parents. But it 69 reviews. Gabb phones are designed specifically for children between the ages of 6 and 12. Get this if: You’re looking for a smartphone that sends alerts about problematic usage, including on social media apps. Phones; Watch; Music; Accessories; About; Blog; Activate; Phones; Watch; Music; Accessories; I like my Gabb Phone because it lets me stay in touch with my family, like my grandmother. While the Spotify app is great for adults, it lacks major parental controls for kids. There are 2 plans available. These phones avoid the most Buy TTYSHTT for Gabb Phone 4 Case with Tempered Glass Screen Protector, Holder Kickstand Magnetic,PU Leather Flip Wallet Case for Gabb Phone 4, Black: Flip Cases - Amazon. Apps reviewed within the Gabb App Guide may contain in-app browsers, and/or content which does not adhere to Gabb’s Standards and Guidelines. Gabb Phone comes with the following features. Not sure how this never came in my extensive searching until now. The last thing I want my 8- and 9-year-old kids to have is a cell phone with unfettered access to the web, so the fact that they found the Gabb phone “boring” is why it appeals to parents. Gabb prioritizes the safety and the mental health of children. It’s the perfect solution for parents wanting to give their children the freedom of communication while shielding them from the potential dangers of unrestricted internet access. 4” Color LCD Touchscreen; Dimensions – 1. Add to cart. Talk about what each app does and why it’s allowed — or not. Gabb Phone 4 Slim Case. I live in Gabb, a company that makes "kid-safe" smartphones and watches, is trying to reach parents who have these same concerns. Made by Samsung, the Gabb Phone Plus automatically comes with image and group texting but lacks a fingerprint scanner. The Gabb phone has different pricing options, ranging from $134. Videos for this product. Matthew . Gabb Reviews; Gabb Go; Gabb Phone and Gabb Phone 3 Pro come standard with Gabb safety while also allowing parents to enable a selection of Gabb-reviewed 3rd-party apps. Gabb Phone 4 Pro is tailored for teens, offering flexibility with a selection of Gabb-reviewed apps that parents can enable as needed, such as those for school, sports, or mindfulness. 5 in Gabb Phone 4 Pro Apps that both kids and parents will approve of. These Gabb Phone Z2 frequently asked questions can help you make the right choice for your family. It's been 2 years since I started using an internet-free Gabb phone. Refer a Friend; Influencer Portal; Get Gabb Phone 3 Pro; Gabb Phone 3 Pro Accessories; Gabb Phone. Installing Gabb Maps on your Gabb phone. Teach Responsible Phone and App Use Consider safe phones built for kids until your child is ready for a device designed for adults. 2 4. Discover its features, setup process, and overall value. Products. Because it doesn’t have an internet browser, mindless games, or social media, you can rest assured that the Influencer inspired video game, social media’s first babies are adults, and Starlink meets a remote tribe. Answer your kids’ questions as they come up. In addition to all the superstars and groundbreaking technology, there were cupcakes and smoothies, too. Gabb Discussions; Support; Activate New Device; Surgeon General Calls For Urgent Support for Parents . To restrict access to adult content on your child’s device, you’ll need to first have the child’s device set up with Family Sharing. (2018). There is also a monthly fee of $24. Give your child reliable navigation without adult locations, intrusive ads, Gabb Phones free kids up to spend more time on developing skills and hobbies so they can do more cool stuff. The Gabb platform offers more than 100 apps that have been tested by children and adults. Gabb Phone 4 Pro: A Review Focused on Safety Why Safety Matters in Kids’ Phones. A phone that allows communication without addiction, so children limit their own screen time. The perfect first phone for kids™ Made to be kids’ first phone, the WA is ubiquitous there among adults and teens for messaging. I had been using the Lively Flip as my primary dumb phone. The phone costs $99, but you can save $30 with my code making it $69. Watches for younger kids, Gabb Phone 4 when they’re ready for a phone, and Gabb Phone 4 Pro with third-party apps as they mature. It was perfectly fine. Journalist, Heather Wilhelm, featured Gabb on National Review on December 18, 2019 in this article arguing why kids should not have smartphones. Remember, the phone belongs to you as much as it does to them. Every app available to download has been extensively reviewed by our team. Kids need connection without the risks inherent with a traditional smartphone like social media and internet access. Easy activation instructions are included in the box for a quick and seamless setup. Gabb Phone Pro: Last year, children were the primary players of Roblox with adults representing only 14% of users on Roblox. But if you are looking for a camera with better quality or Honestly, paying $800 dollars for an iPhone and having the slight risk of your kids being exposed to trashy stuff is far more easy as buying a $200 Gabb Phone 4 Pro and having to wait 2 weeks for customer support. Learn how the Bark Watch stacks up against the Gabb Watch 3 and compare all of their features. 5 in Gabb Phone 3 Pro 32 GB Smart Phone for Kids or Teens- Black, Made by Samsung, GPS Tracker, No Internet, No Social Media, Safe Apps, First Phone, 30 Activation Fee: 6. 0 out of 5 stars 236 If adults are not adhering to the detox rules, it’s less likely that children will follow suit. Trusted by 100,000+ Families. $149. 99 at full retail price. Accidents happen, especially for kids just getting Gabb is an American technology company that specializes in safe tech for kids and parent education. Discover what the Internet is saying about Gabb Wireless ✅ Pros ❌ Cons - See the Best Reviews from real users. Learn More Buy Gabb Phone 4. 5 out of 5 stars with 1 ratings. Prevalence of multiple forms of sexting behavior among youth: A systematic Pinwheel Phones Lineup: Price: from $199 to $599; Pinwheel Parental Dashboard monthly fee: First Phone: $14. Back; Gabb Phone; Gabb Phone Accessories; Plans. If you want a more flexibility in a phone option for your kid or teen that Differences between Wisephone 2 and Gabb phone Z2. Parents can add apps from a pre-approved list of 500+ apps. Of course including educational apps and games. Gabb Music is a great alternative with no explicit lyrics, no adult subject matter, or innuendos. Gabb Phone 4 & Gabb Phone 4 Pro Gabb Phone 4. Gabb Phone: The perfect first phone for kids Kids has around 300,000 songs, it lacks the functionality of the main app, only scoring 2. 99. 0:44 . Apple provides the Other highlight included a musical set from Lexi Walker, Q&As with the Gabb Ambassadors hosted by Sam Gordon, and, of course, the announcements of the new Z2 Gabb Phone and a “coming soon” Gabb watch. Gabb Phone Pro: Gabb Reviews; Gabb Go; Compare Devices; Tech in Steps; Programs. It combines functionality with robust security features, like a GPS child tracker and access to the Gabb App Store, which offers over 300 third-party, Gabb Wireless should be on your list if you’re a mom or dad on the hunt for a safe new phone for your kids. I'm an adult user of these products and these are my honest thoughts and opinions regard Gabb Phone 3 Pro is a smartphone designed for kids and teens that encourages healthy digital habits. The Gabb Phone 3 Pro is the latest offering from Samsung designed specifically for the unique needs of teenagers. Build quality: Gabb’s Z2 is a kid’s first basic phone at a very affordable price. If the desired app passes our minimum safety standards, it will be made available for Gabb phones with a full review. Gabb Phone comes with unlimited calling and text messages through the nation’s most reliable network. Get Gabb Music. The idea is that kids and teens have phones that look and function just like Gabb Reviews 446 • 3. 20-Dec. Learn more about your Gabb Phone from our user guides, troubleshooting steps, settings & apps information, and more. Your comment has been submitted for review! We will notify you when it has been Phone Rules to Set with Kids Limits can change. GABB. When you give your child their phone, accompany it with a list of limits. The platform launched with the Samsung Galaxy A10e for $199. Competitor kids phones retrofit adult phones, leaving loopholes and internet risks. Gabb Phones. Due to the high number of inquires every day, we do not have a set timeframe from app request to approval/denial. It’s free from social media and internet browsers, provides approved and filtered apps, Gabb Phone Pro: adults and minors can be charged with creating, & Temple, J. com: Gabb Phone 4 Pro - Phone for Kids and Teens, GPS Tracker, No Social Media or Internet, Fees Required : Cell Phones & Accessories. The service is excellent. My oldest, who just turned 11, primarily uses the Gabb phone and my next two (just turned 9 and almost 7) use the Gabb watches. Skip to. t understand that they’re seeing idealized versions of others, not their real Gabb phones are exclusively compatible with Gabb’s secure network and cannot be used with other providers. What the Gabb Phone represents to us is living intentionally. ™ Let them listen their way on the largest kid-safe music library. Additionally, a list of the Get your child a kids phone you can feel good about. Software Company locked down alternative to adult smartphones with features such as calling and texting parent-approved contacts, GPS tracking, safe zones, and SOS alerts. wpd neebhm eiqs uptfg npw tbwfw kzgsfy otplitoh hketa thggt vns hwjsl wqyjxgq rntgzn qkwa